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Illegal Technologists
The intriguing and cautionary tales of people in technology who have faced legal challenges. These are people who have been convicted of crimes.

Sam Bankman-Fried
FTX / Alameda Research
Context
"Financial entrepreneur Sam Bankman-Fried, commonly known as SBF, was convicted on seven charges of fraud and conspiracy following the collapse of his cryptocurrency exchange FTX in November 2022." source
Other affiliations (no legal guilt implied)
Forbes 30 Under 30
Effective Altruism
MIT
Sequoia Capital

Chris Kirchner
Slync
Status
Convicted, in prison
Context
"In February 2023, Kirchner's home in Westlake, Texas was raided by the FBI and he was charged with wire fraud for transferring $20 million in company funds to his personal bank account while employed at Slync. Leigha Simonton, the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas alleged Kirchner had used the money to fund a 'lavish lifestyle', including a $16m private Gulfstream jet, a $495,000 luxury suite at a Dallas sports stadium, prestige cars including a Rolls-Royce, and membership of an exclusive Dallas-area golf club called the Vaquero." source

Do Kwon
Terra / Luna
Status
Pled guilty, in prison
Charges
Fraud
Conspiracy
Money laundering
Other affiliations (no legal guilt implied)
Forbes 30 Under 30

Alex Mashinsky
Celsius Network

Sunny Balwani
Theranos

Elizabeth Holmes
Theranos
Other affiliations (no legal guilt implied)
Time 100 most influential people
Forbes Billionaire List
Forbes Under 30 Doers Award
Woman of the Year by Glamour
Honorary Doctor from Pepperdine University
Fortune's Businessperson of the Year
Fortune's 40 under 40
Bloomberg's 50 Most Influential
Stanford University

Charlie Javice
Frank
Status
Convicted, in prison
Charges
Securities fraud
Wire fraud
Bank fraud
Conspiracy
Other affiliations (no legal guilt implied)
Forbes' 30 under 30
Crain's New York's 40 under 40
UPenn

Rishi Shah
Outcome Health
Status
Convicted, in prison
Context
"The scheme targeting Outcome’s clients began in 2011 and lasted until 2017, and resulted in at least $45 million of overbilled advertising services." source

Ryan Salame
FTX
Context
"In September 2023, he pleaded guilty to violating campaign finance laws and operating an illegal money-transmitting business. He agreed to forfeit two properties in Lenox, MA and a Porsche automobile, and pay a $6 million fine and more than $5 million in restitution to FTX. Despite prosecutors recommending a term of 5-7 years, in May 2024 Salame was sentenced to 7.5 years in federal prison." source
Other affiliations (no legal guilt implied)
American Dream Federal Action Super PAC

Michael Lacey
Backpage
Status
Convicted, in prison

Caroline Ellison
FTX / Alameda Research
Status
Pled guilty, served time. Is now free.
Brad Purdy
Outcome Health
Status
Convicted, in prison

Max ("Iceman") Butler
Status
Convicted, served time. Is now free.
Context
"Butler is a former computer security consultant and hacker who served a 13-year prison sentence, the longest sentence ever given at the time for hacking charges in the United States. He was convicted of two counts of wire fraud, including stealing nearly 2 million credit card numbers and running up about $86 million in fraudulent charges." source

Manish Lachwani
HeadSpin
Status
Convicted, in prison
Context
"Between April 2017 and April 2020, HeadSpin raised more than $100 million from investors. But Lachwani admitted that, to obtain that financing, he provided potential investors with information about the company’s business, customers, revenue, and finances that he knew was inaccurate." source

Anthony Levandowski
Otto
Status
Pled guilty, sentenced to 18 months in prison. Pardoned by Trump.
Context
"Levandowski agreed to plead guilty to one of the thirty-three charges initially brought against him by the Department of Justice. Originally charged with stealing documents containing trade secrets, technical specifications, and Lidar design, Levandowski's pleaded guilty to downloading an internal project tracking document called, "Chauffeur TL Weekly – Q4 2015"—a spreadsheet consisting of team goals, project metrics, and weekly status updates accessible by Levandowski's team on an unsecured Google Drive. Levandowski admitted to accessing the document about one month after leaving Google in February 2016." source
Other affiliations (no legal guilt implied)
Uber
Google

Trevor Milton
Nikola
Status
Convicted. Pardoned by Trump.
Context
"Sentenced to to four years in prison for engaging in securities and wire fraud in connection with his scheme to defraud and mislead investors about the development of products and technology by the company he founded, Nikola Corporation (“Nikola”)." source

Michael Rothenberg
Rothenberg Ventures
Status
Convicted, awaiting sentencing
Context
"According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Mike Rothenberg 'orchestrated a years-long, massive fraud and posed a substantial risk of loss to investors, with $18.8 million misappropriated.'" source
Other affiliations (no legal guilt implied)
Harvard Business School
Stanford

Martin Shkreli
Status
Convicted, served time. Is now free.
Other affiliations (no legal guilt implied)
Forbes 30 Under 30

Nishad Singh
FTX
Status
Pled guilty, no jail time

Ross Ulbricht
Silk Road
Status
Convicted, sentenced to double life sentence. Pardoned by Trump.
Context
"Ross Ulbrich is an American serving life imprisonment for creating and operating the darknet market website Silk Road from 2011 until his arrest in 2013." source

Gary Wang
FTX
Status
Pled guilty, sentenced to time served

Changpeng (CZ) Zhao
Binance
Status
Pled guilty, served time. Pardoned by Trump.
Context
"Zhao pled guilty to violating the American Bank Secrecy Act by prioritizing Binance's growth over compliance with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network's anti-money laundering requirements. Although Zhao only personally pled guilty to a single criminal charge, as part of plea bargain negotiations, Zhao agreed for Binance to also admit to operating an unlicensed money transmitting business and to violating the International Emergency Economic Powers Act." source

Jimmy Zhong
Status
Pled guilty, served time. Is now free.
Context
"James "Jimmy" Zhong is an American man who was convicted in 2022 for stealing over 51,680 bitcoin (then worth about $620,000; value as of 2023 approximately $3.4 billion) from the online black market Silk Road between 2012 and 2014." source